37th Exam (Jan 2025) Morning Q30 Kaigo Fukushishi
Question (original Japanese)
次のうち、脳の機能停止を示す徴候に該当するものとして、適切なものを1つ選びなさい。
- 1呼吸不全
- 2溢流性尿失禁
- 3心停止
- 4蠕動運動の減弱
- 5瞳孔散大・対光反射消失
Show answer
Correct answer 5
Key pointDilated pupils and loss of the light reflex show that the brain (brainstem) has stopped functioning.
Explanation
The three signs of death are respiratory arrest, cardiac arrest, and dilated pupils (loss of the light reflex). Of these, dilated pupils and loss of the light reflex show that the brainstem has stopped functioning, so 5 is correct.
- 1: Respiratory failure is a state of reduced breathing function and does not show that function has stopped, so it is wrong.
- 2: Overflow urinary incontinence is a urination disorder in which urine overflows, for example due to benign prostatic hyperplasia (前立腺肥大症), so it is wrong.
- 3: Cardiac arrest is a sign that the heart has stopped functioning, so it is wrong.
- 4: Weakened peristalsis is reduced function of the digestive tract, so it is wrong.
Explanation in Japanese
死の三徴候は呼吸停止・心停止・瞳孔散大（対光反射消失）で、このうち瞳孔散大と対光反射の消失は脳幹の機能停止を示すので5が正しい。
- 1：呼吸不全は呼吸機能が低下した状態で、機能停止を示すものではないので誤り。
- 2：溢流性尿失禁は前立腺肥大症などで尿があふれ出る排尿障害なので誤り。
- 3：心停止は心臓の機能停止を示す徴候なので誤り。
- 4：蠕動運動の減弱は消化管の機能低下なので誤り。