37th Exam (Jan 2025) Morning Q38 Kaigo Fukushishi
Question (original Japanese)
次のうち、老年症候群に直接関わる疾患として、最も適切なものを1つ選びなさい。
- 1高血圧症（hypertension）
- 2糖尿病（diabetes mellitus）
- 3骨粗鬆症（osteoporosis）
- 4心筋梗塞（myocardial infarction）
- 5脂質異常症（dyslipidemia）
Show answer
Correct answer 3
Key pointOsteoporosis is directly linked to geriatric syndrome through falls and fractures.
Explanation
Geriatric syndrome is a general term for symptoms and signs that are common in elderly people and need both medical and long-term care responses. It includes falls and fractures, urinary incontinence, undernutrition, delirium (せん妄), etc. Osteoporosis makes fractures from falls more likely and becomes a cause of needing long-term care, so 3 is most appropriate.
- 1, 2, 4, and 5: Hypertension, diabetes, myocardial infarction, and dyslipidemia are mainly classified as lifestyle-related diseases and cannot be called diseases directly related to geriatric syndrome, so they are wrong.
Explanation in Japanese
老年症候群は、高齢者に多くみられ、医療と介護の両面から対応が必要な症状・徴候の総称で、転倒・骨折、尿失禁、低栄養、せん妄などが含まれる。骨粗鬆症は転倒による骨折を起こしやすくし、要介護状態の原因になるので3が最も適切。
- 1・2・4・5：高血圧症、糖尿病、心筋梗塞、脂質異常症は主に生活習慣病として位置づけられ、老年症候群に直接関わる疾患とはいえないので誤り。