38th Exam (Jan 2026) Afternoon Q93 Kaigo Fukushishi
Question (original Japanese)
次のうち、後遺症によって片麻痺や言語障害を伴うことがある疾患や病態として、最も適切なものを1つ選びなさい。
- 1脳血管障害(cerebrovascular disorder)
- 2糖尿病(diabetes mellitus)
- 3脊髄損傷(spinal cord injury)
- 4慢性閉塞性肺疾患(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)
- 5クローン病(Crohn disease)
Show answer
Correct answer 1
Key pointCerebrovascular disorders can leave hemiplegia and speech disorders as aftereffects.
Explanation
In cerebrovascular disorders such as cerebral infarction (脳梗塞) and cerebral hemorrhage (脳出血), depending on the part of the brain that was damaged, hemiplegia and speech and language disorders such as aphasia (失語症) and dysarthria (構音障害) may remain as aftereffects.
- 2: Complications of diabetes include retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy, so it is incorrect.
- 3: Spinal cord injury causes paralysis of all four limbs or both legs below the level of injury and is not accompanied by speech disorders, so it is incorrect.
- 4: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a respiratory function disorder, so it is incorrect.
- 5: Crohn disease is an inflammatory disease of the digestive tract, so it is incorrect.
Explanation in Japanese
脳梗塞や脳出血などの脳血管障害では、損傷した脳の部位に応じて、片麻痺や失語症・構音障害などの言語障害が後遺症として残ることがあります。
- 2:糖尿病の合併症は網膜症・腎症・神経障害などなので誤り。
- 3:脊髄損傷は損傷部位以下の四肢麻痺や対麻痺で、言語障害は伴わないので誤り。
- 4:慢性閉塞性肺疾患は呼吸機能障害なので誤り。
- 5:クローン病は消化管の炎症性疾患なので誤り。