38th Exam (Jan 2026) Afternoon Q95 Kaigo Fukushishi
Question (original Japanese)
次のうち、筋萎縮性側索硬化症（amyotrophic lateral sclerosis：ＡＬＳ）によくみられる症状として、最も適切なものを1つ選びなさい。
- 1感覚障害
- 2失禁
- 3嚥下障害
- 4視力障害
- 5便秘
Show answer
Correct answer 3
Key pointALS damages motor nerves, and swallowing difficulty is common.
Explanation
ALS is a progressive disease in which the motor nerves (運動神経) are damaged. Along with muscle weakness throughout the body, swallowing difficulty and dysarthria (構音障害) due to bulbar palsy (球麻痺) are commonly seen.
- 1: Sensory nerves are preserved, and sensory impairment rarely occurs, so it is incorrect.
- 2: Bladder and rectal function tend to be preserved, and incontinence rarely occurs, so it is incorrect.
- 4: Eye movements tend to be preserved, and visual impairment rarely occurs, so it is incorrect.
- 5: Constipation may occur, but it cannot be called a characteristic symptom of ALS, so it is incorrect.
Explanation in Japanese
ALSは運動神経が障害される進行性の疾患で、全身の筋力低下とともに、球麻痺による嚥下障害や構音障害がよくみられます。
- 1：感覚神経は保たれ、感覚障害は起こりにくいので誤り。
- 2：膀胱・直腸の機能は保たれやすく、失禁は起こりにくいので誤り。
- 4：眼球運動は保たれやすく、視力障害は起こりにくいので誤り。
- 5：便秘は起こることもあるが、ALSに特徴的な症状とはいえないので誤り。