38th Exam (Jan 2026) Afternoon Q78 Kaigo Fukushishi
Question (original Japanese)
次のうち、加齢に伴い階段を上ると息切れしやすくなる現象に関係する恒常性の機能として、最も適切なものを1つ選びなさい。
- 1予備力
- 2適応力
- 3免疫力
- 4抵抗力
- 5回復力
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Correct answer 1
Key pointReserve capacity declines with age, making shortness of breath under load more likely.
Explanation
Reserve capacity (予備力) is extra capacity that is not normally used and that responds when a load such as exercise is applied. Because the reserve capacity of the heart and lungs declines with age, people become short of breath more easily under loads such as climbing stairs.
- 2: Adaptability is the ability to adjust to changes in the environment, so it is incorrect.
- 3: Immunity is the ability to protect the body from pathogens, so it is incorrect.
- 4: Resistance is the ability to resist stress and disease, so it is incorrect.
- 5: Recovery capacity is the ability to return a disturbed state to normal, so it is not the most appropriate explanation for becoming short of breath easily.
Explanation in Japanese
予備力は、普段は使っていない余力で、運動などの負荷がかかったときに対応する力です。加齢で心肺の予備力が低下するため、階段を上るなどの負荷で息切れしやすくなります。
- 2：適応力は環境の変化に合わせる力なので誤り。
- 3：免疫力は病原体から体を守る力なので誤り。
- 4：抵抗力はストレスや病気に抵抗する力なので誤り。
- 5：回復力は乱れた状態を元に戻す力なので、息切れのしやすさの説明としては最も適切ではない。