36th Exam (Jan 2024) Morning Q40 Kaigo Fukushishi
Question (original Japanese)
認知症（dementia）の行動・心理症状（ＢＰＳＤ）であるアパシー（apathy）に関する次の記述のうち、適切なものを1つ選びなさい。
- 1感情の起伏がみられない。
- 2将来に希望がもてない。
- 3気持ちが落ち込む。
- 4理想どおりにいかず悩む。
- 5自分を責める。
Show answer
Correct answer 1
Key pointApathy is a state with no motivation or interest and no ups and downs in emotions.
Explanation
Apathy (lack of motivation and interest) is a state in which interest in surroundings and motivation decrease, and emotional ups and downs such as joy, anger, and sadness are no longer seen, so 1 is correct. It differs from depression in that the person often does not feel distress.
- 2: Not having hope for the future is a feature of a depressive state, so it is wrong.
- 3: Feeling down is a feature of a depressive state, so it is wrong.
- 4: Worrying because things do not go as one wants involves distress, which differs from apathy, so it is wrong.
- 5: Blaming oneself is the self-blame of a depressive state, so it is wrong.
Explanation in Japanese
アパシー（無為・無関心）は、周囲への関心や意欲が低下し、喜怒哀楽などの感情の起伏がみられなくなる状態なので1が正しい。本人は苦痛を感じていないことが多い点で、うつとは異なる。
- 2：将来に希望がもてないのは、うつ状態の特徴なので誤り。
- 3：気分の落ち込みは、うつ状態の特徴なので誤り。
- 4：理想どおりにいかず悩むのは、苦悩を伴う点でアパシーと異なり誤り。
- 5：自分を責めるのは、うつ状態の自責感なので誤り。