過去問ぽちぽちby KKM Studio

36th Exam (Jan 2024) Morning Q42 Kaigo Fukushishi

Question (original Japanese)

レビー小体型認知症(dementia with Lewy bodies)にみられる歩行障害として、最も適切なものを1つ選びなさい。

  1. 1しばらく歩くと足に痛みを感じて、休みながら歩く。
  2. 2最初の一歩が踏み出しにくく、小刻みに歩く。
  3. 3動きがぎこちなく、酔っぱらったように歩く。
  4. 4下肢は伸展し、つま先を引きずるように歩く。
  5. 5歩くごとに骨盤が傾き、腰を左右に振って歩く。
Show answer

Correct answer 2

Key pointDementia with Lewy bodies causes small-step walking due to parkinsonian symptoms.

Explanation

In dementia with Lewy bodies, parkinsonian symptoms (parkinsonism) appear, causing walking disorders such as difficulty taking the first step (frozen gait) and small-step walking, so 2 is correct.

  • 1: Intermittent claudication, walking while resting, is seen in lumbar spinal canal stenosis, etc., so it is wrong.
  • 3: A drunken-like walk is ataxic gait due to cerebellar disorder, so it is wrong.
  • 4: Walking with extended legs and dragging toes is spastic gait, such as hemiplegia after a stroke, so it is wrong.
  • 5: Walking with the hips swinging side to side is waddling gait, seen in muscular dystrophy, etc., so it is wrong.
Explanation in Japanese

レビー小体型認知症ではパーキンソン症状がみられ、最初の一歩が出にくい(すくみ足)、小刻み歩行などの歩行障害が起こるので2が正しい。

  • 1:休みながら歩く間欠性跛行は腰部脊柱管狭窄症などでみられるので誤り。
  • 3:酔ったような歩き方は小脳の障害による失調性歩行なので誤り。
  • 4:下肢が伸展しつま先を引きずる歩き方は、脳卒中後の片麻痺などの痙性歩行なので誤り。
  • 5:腰を左右に振る歩き方は、筋ジストロフィーなどでみられる動揺性歩行なので誤り。

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