過去問ぽちぽちby KKM Studio

37th Exam (Jan 2025) Morning Q54 Kaigo Fukushishi

Question (original Japanese)

Aさん(76歳、女性)は、パーキンソン病(Parkinson disease)と診断され、日常生活動作(Activities of Daily Living:ADL)は、車いすやベッド上で全介助である。最近、食事に時間がかかって嫌がるようになり、かすれ声が目立つようになった。

次のうち、現在のAさんに対して介護福祉職が留意すべきこととして、最も適切なものを1つ選びなさい。

  1. 1安静時振戦
  2. 2筋固縮
  3. 3仮面様顔貌
  4. 4誤嚥(ごえん)
  5. 5便秘
Show answer

Correct answer 4

Key pointIn advanced Parkinson's disease, watch for aspiration due to swallowing problems.

Explanation

As Parkinson's disease progresses, swallowing problems (嚥下障害) occur. Because meals take a long time and her hoarse voice (嗄声) is noticeable, reduced swallowing function is suspected. The most important thing to watch for is aspiration, which leads to aspiration pneumonia (誤嚥性肺炎), so 4 is correct.

  • 1: Resting tremor is a main symptom of Parkinson's disease, but it is not the most important point based on the current information, so it is wrong.
  • 2: Muscle rigidity is also a main symptom, but likewise it is not directly linked to the recent changes, so it is wrong.
  • 3: A mask-like face is a symptom in which facial expression becomes poor, and the danger to life is small, so it is wrong.
  • 5: Constipation is common, but from the current symptoms, attention to aspiration comes first, so it is wrong.
Explanation in Japanese

パーキンソン病が進行すると嚥下障害が起こる。食事に時間がかかり、かすれ声(嗄声)が目立つことから嚥下機能の低下が考えられ、誤嚥性肺炎につながる誤嚥に最も留意すべきなので4が正しい。

  • 1:安静時振戦はパーキンソン病の主症状だが、現在の情報から最も留意すべき点ではないので誤り。
  • 2:筋固縮も主症状だが、同様に今回の変化とは直接結びつかないので誤り。
  • 3:仮面様顔貌は表情が乏しくなる症状で、生命に関わる危険は小さいので誤り。
  • 5:便秘は起こりやすいが、今回の症状からは誤嚥への留意が優先されるので誤り。

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